Wax polish



Patented Nov. 6, 1934 UNITEDSTATESLPATENT OFFICE r I 1,979,787 I I.Standard Oil Company,

tion 01' Indiana Chicago, 111., a corpora- No Drawing. Application June22, 1931,

Serial No. 546,168

' 11 Claims. (01. 134- 24)- This invention relates to asolid wax polishfor use on automobiles, Iurniture, etc.

The object of this invention is to provide a polish which will give alasting. tough, hard, durable wax coating and which may be appliedwithout the use of an abrasive and without undue manual effort.

There are at present two general types of automobile polishes One typeis applied as a liquid or cream, which contains an abrasive, soap and/orcleaning material in addition to an oil and a soft wax base, andalthough a single application is sufiicient to obtain, an oily or. waxycoating, the resulting coating is usually soft, shows finger prints andis not lasting. The other type of polish gives a much harder'and morepermanent type of coating, but it must be preceded by the use of anabrasive cleaner, the cleaner must be thoroughly removed andtheapplication of the wax itself requires a greata'mount of manualefiort. The object of my invention is to obtain the hard, tough, durablecoating of the latter without the use of a cleaner and. with the manualease which characterizes the use of the former.

In practicing my inventionI make a wax base .of a hard wax-like carnaubaor japan wax and a plasticizing agent such as petroleum or a mixture ofpetrolattun' and petrolatum wax. I heat the wax base above its meltingpoint and incorporate .it in an ioil -in-water emulsion which isprepared in such a manner that it will "set or solidify on cooling.Theoil is sufliciently nonvolatile to act "as a carrier to effectdistribution of the wax on the surface to'be polished and it issufiiciently volatile to be completely evaporated from the surface aftera few moments of rubbing. The polish has all the advantages of solid waxpolishes and it is in fact a solid cake. At the same time it is anaqueous emulsion and it may therefore he applied to .an automobilesurface which has mot been previously cleaned (of course any abrasivematerial must be removed which would scratch ,the surface when thepolish is being applied).

My invention will be more clearly understood from a description of mypreferred formula and my preferred method of processing the ingredients.I will first describe the preparation of my wax base containing hardwaxand plasticizing agent. I will then describe the preparation of theemulsion and the incorporation oi. the wax base therein. q

The wax base may be made by melting together the i'ollowing ingredients:

Percent by 7 weight Carnauba wax 66.5. Petrolatum wax (160 to 165 F.melting I point) 26.6 Petrolatum (140 F. melting point)..- 6.3 Rosin 0.6

- It should be understood, of course, that the above formula isillustrative only and that I may vary somewhat from the aboveproportions without departing from my invention. Carnauba wax or japanwax are my preferred hard waxes but I may use others, such ascandelilla, Montan wax, etc. Petrolatum wax is a tough, amorphous (non.-crystallin) oil-free, petroleum wax which resembles beeswax inappearance and physical properties. Ordinary commercial petrolatum ispetrolatum wax admixed with a small amount 01' residual oil. Petrolatumsoi diflerent melting points may be used in other proportions withoutdeparting from my invention. Rosin may, if desired, be omitted entirely.

My finished polish may be made according to the tollowingformula: v i

, Percent Wax base prepared as above desoribed.. 9 Refined oil (narrowcut) 41 Emulsifier 0.5 Water 49.5

The refined oil is a distillate having an initial boiling point 01'about 350 F. and an end point of about 475 F. Although it is notnecessary that these precise limits be maintained, it is important thata narrow out be used of about this range: The so-called W.W. 150 (waterwhite kerosene), with a boiling range of about 373 to 504 F. evaporatestoo-slowly, while ovleum spirits, with a boiling range of about 300 to425 F. evaporates too rapidly to give best results. The narrow boilingrange of the refined oil is of particular importance in a set or solidemulsion of this type. It is also of particular importance that the oilbe highly refined (treated with sulfuric acid for the removal ofunsaturateds and othe i p ties) because I have. found that un- 1 willpermit. 3 i

treated light petroleum distillates may be injurious to the skin.

The emulsifier is preferably ordinary starch, although equivalentemulsifiers may be used provided that they will give a stable emulsionas hereinafter described.

In preparing my finished product I melt the base stock with the refinedoil and heat the mixture to a temperature of about 175 to 200 F. I thenboil a 1% starch solution and make an oilin-water emulsion in a colloidmill at atemper'ature above the melting point of the 'wax and below theboiling point of the water, usuallyat about 130 to 200 F. When theresulting emulsion cools, it sets to form a semi-hard, solidifiedemulsion which is extremely stable and which possesses entirelydifferent structural properties from the ordinary liquid oil-in-wateremulsions of the same concentration'smThe' product may be stored for anindefinite period of time without separation, and it may be easilyhandled and applied. Although my preferred formula calls for about 50%water, I may vary the formula to in either direction.

While I do not limit myself to any theory, of operation I would like topoint out a few features which I believe contribute toward thephenomenal success of'this polish. The use .of a narrow cut of an oilcarrier results in the application of an even coat which on polishing issubstantially free from oil. Since the polish is in the form of anaqueous emulsion, it spreads easily on any surface, wet or dry, andalthough it contains no abrasive material it has a pronounced cleaningefiect, due apparently to its emulsified form and to the solventpower'of the water contained as an external phase. Where-the surface tobe polished is excessively dirtyfthe wax may. of course, be preceded byan abrasive cleaner of the usual type. The polish is mucheasier to applythan solid wax-polishes heretofore used and it yields a hard, durable,lustrous finish which is unexcelled.

While'I-have described a preferred embodiment of my inventionit isunderstood that I do not limit myself'to the details therein set forthexcept as defined by the following claims which are to beconstruedbroadly as the prior art I claim:

1. A wax polish comprising a mixture of hard waxand a petrolatum waxincorporated in a light petroleum oil dispersed in a set aqueousemulsion.

2. A waxpolish' comprising a hard wax, and a petrolatum wax incorporatedin a refined oil having a boiling-range of about 350 to 475 F. dispersedin a solid aqueous emulsion.

3. A combination of claim 2 wherein the hard wax is carnauba wax.

4. A combination of claim 2 wherein the hard wax is Montan wax.

5. A wax polish comprising a hard wax, petrolatum wax, and petrolatumincorporated in a refined petroleum oil having a boiling range of about350 to 475 F., said oil being dispersed in a set aqueous emulsion.

6. A wax polish comprising a set oil-in-water emulsion having about thefollowing formula:

Percent Hard wax-petrolatum mixture 9 Refined oil (350 to 475 F.) 41

Emulsifier .5 'Water 49.5;

*7.'The method ofimaking a wax polishfor automobiles .which comprisesboiling .about 5% starch in 49.5% water, and emulsifying therein amixture of about 9% of a hard wax base with 41% of a refinedlightpetroleum oil at a temperature below the boiling point of water andabove the melting point of the wax base.

8. The method of making a solid wax polish for automobiles whichcomprises incorporating a hard wax in a refined light oil carrier,emulsi- 'fying the same in a hot starch solution and allowing theemulsion to cool and solidify.

9.; A wax polish comprising a hard wax-petrolatum mixture dissolved in'asolvent having a boiling range of about 350-475" F., said'wax andsolvent being emulsified with a volume of water substantially equal tothe volume of the solution, and an emulsifying agent for emulsifyingsaid hard wax solution with said water; v

10. The method of makinga solid wax polish, which comprises forming awax mixture consisting ofabout two parts oi a hard wax ofthe classconsisting of carnauba, Montan, candelilla and japan wax with about onepart of a plasticizing agent comprising a petrolatum wax, incorporatingsaid wax mixture in a refined light oil carrier, emulsifying" the lightoil solution of wax in about an equal volume of water, and allowin theemulsion to solidify.

11. A wax polish comprising a hard wax of the class consisting of japanwax, carnauba wax, Montan wax and candelilla wax admixed with a smallervolume of petrolatum wax, both waxes being dissolved in a solvent havinga boiling range of about BSD-475 F., theysolvent containing said waxbeing emulsified with a volume of water substantially equal "to thevolume of the wax solution, and an emulsifying agent for emulsifying thewax solution in the water.

' MAURICE H. ARVESON.

CERTIFICATE or CORRECTION.

rmm No. 1,919,787. November 6, 1934.

' MAURICE H. ARVESON.

It is herehy'eertified that error appears in the printed specificationof the "above numbered patent requiring correction as ioliows: Page 1,line 27, for

"petroleum" read petrolatumwgnd that the said Letters Patent should beread with this correction therein that'ithe same may conform to therecord of the case in the Patent Office. v i

Signed ind seal-ed thi: 5th day ofgFebruary, A. D 1935. I

Leslie Frazer (Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents.

